Abstract

Xinjiang traditionally occupies an important place in Kazakh-Chinese trade and economic relations. The region is one of the key hubs between China and the countries of Central Asia under the Belt and Road Initiative launched by the Chinese government in 2013. This initiative is aimed at creating a new Modern Silk Road, which should connect China with Europe, Africa and other regions of the world. This article discusses the impact of the initiative on the economic and social development of Xinjiang, in areas such as infrastructure development, increasing trade and investment, modernizing production, etc. The study identifies some of the challenges and obstacles that the region encounters in its quest for modernization. The authors conclude that the Belt and Road Initiative has a stimulating effect on Xinjiang's economic growth and modernization, while noting a decrease in tension in the domestic political field. More efforts and investments are needed to achieve long-term sustainability and address the problems associated with uneven development, environmental challenges and other aspects that require attention.