The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of approaches to security and integration processes in Central Asian countries in the context of modern geopolitical instability. The authors explore the impact of global challenges on the regional security architecture and economic development of Central Asian states. The paper examines the key factors determining the need to review the existing strategies for the development of the region, including economic, social and environmental aspects. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the possibilities of forming a new agenda for regional cooperation, considering the specifics of the internal challenges of each Central Asian state. The authors substantiate the directions of transformation of political and economic approaches in the context of a changing world order, focusing on solving cross-border issues, strengthening multilateral cooperation and developing intraregional ties. The article presents recommendations on the formation of a sustainable model of security and integration that can ensure the stable development of the countries of the region in the face of global uncertainty. The study contributes to the understanding of modern processes of regional transformation and offers a conceptual framework for developing effective strategies for the development of the Central Asian region.