1 Kurmashev, A. K. (2026). Strategicheskiy obzor Tsentral’noy Azii 2026: Nauchnoe izdanie [Strategic review of Central Asia 2026: Scientific publication]. Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (In Russian)

2 Mohammad, S., & Ravshanov, A. X. (2025). Central Asia’s looming water crisis: A ticking time bomb. The Times of Central Asia. https://timesca.com/central-asias-looming-water-crisis-a-ticking-time-bomb/

3 Karaev, S. (2024, February 29). Kak podelili vodu strany Tsentral’noy Azii? [How did the Central Asian countries divide the water?]. Asia-Plus. https://www.asiaplustj.info/ru/news/centralasia/20240229/kak-podelili-vodu-strani-tsentralnoi-azii/ (In Russian)

4 Gleason, G. (2003). Markets and politics in Central Asia: Structural reform and political change. Routledge.

5 Carius, A. (2006). Environmental peacebuilding: Conditions for success. Environmental Change and Security Program Report, (12), 59.

6 Zatilla, N., & Marcos, A. A. (2024). Transboundary water management in Central Asia and the Iberian Peninsula: Path dependence approach. Journal of Central Asian Studies, 95(3), 61–74.

7 Vodnyy konflikt v Zhambylskoy oblasti — kakoe reshenie predlagayut kyrgyzskie eksperty [Water conflict in Zhambyl Region — what solution do Kyrgyz experts propose?]. (n.d.). Inform.kz. https://www.inform.kz/ru/vodnyy-konflikt-v-zhambylskoy-oblasti-kakoe-reshenie-predlagayut-kyrgyzskie-eksperty_a4101331/ (In Russian)

8 Laumulin, M. T. (2020). Tsentral’naya Aziya v epokhu transformatsii [Central Asia in the era of transformation]. KISI pri Prezidente RK. (In Russian)

9 Prniyazova, A., Turaeva, S., Turgunov, D., & Jarihani, B. (2025). Sustainable transboundary water governance in Central Asia: Challenges, conflicts, and regional cooperation. Sustainability, 17, Article 4968. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114968

10 Mosello, B. (2008). Water in Central Asia: A prospect of conflict or cooperation? Journal of Public and International Affairs, 19, 151–157.

11 Polozhenie Mezhdunarodnogo fonda spaseniya Arala [Regulations of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea]. (1999). Mezhdunarodnyy fond spaseniya Arala. https://aral.uz/p_ifas.php/ (In Russian)

12 Central Asia’s looming water crisis: A ticking time bomb. (n.d.). The Times of Central Asia. https://timesca.com/central-asias-looming-water-crisis-a-ticking-time-bomb/

13 Zasedanie Soveta Glav gosudarstv-uchrediteley Mezhdunarodnogo Fonda spaseniya Arala [Meeting of the Council of Heads of State Founders of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea]. (2026). Ispolnitel’nyy komitet Mezhdunarodnogo fonda spaseniya Arala. https://ecifas.kz/news/sobytiya/zasedanie-soveta-glav-gosudarstv-uchrediteley-mezhdunarodnogo-fonda-spaseniya-arala (In Russian)

14 Kak Kazakhstan spasaet Severnyy Aral ot ischeznoveniya [How Kazakhstan is saving the North Aral Sea from disappearance]. (2026). 24KZ. https://24.kz/ru/news/top-news/772869-kak-kazakhstan-spasaet-severnyj-aral-ot-ischeznoveniya (In Russian)

15 Begimov, I. (n.d.). Sistema SCADA na vodokhozyaystvennykh ob”ektakh [SCADA system at water management facilities]. Central Asia Water Information. https://cawater-info.net/canal-automation/pdf/begimov_paper_ru.pdf (In Russian)

16 Vodnyy kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 9 aprelya 2025 goda [Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of April 9, 2025]. (2025). https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K2500000178 (In Russian)

17 Vodnyy kodeks Respubliki Uzbekistan ot 31 oktyabrya 2025 g. [Water Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan of October 31, 2025]. (2025). https://lex.uz/ru/docs/7658581 (In Russian)

18 Abdrakhmanova, G. (2023, August 15). Vodnyy konflikt v Zhambylskoy oblasti — kakoe reshenie predlagayut kyrgyzskie eksperty [Water conflict in Zhambyl Region — what solution do Kyrgyz experts propose?]. Inform.kz. https://www.inform.kz/ru/vodnyy-konflikt-v-zhambylskoy-oblasti-kakoe-reshenie-predlagayut-kyrgyzskie-eksperty_a4101331/ (In Russian)

19 Na 86 % vyrosla ploshchad’ primeneniya vodosberegayushchikh tekhnologiy, blagodarya meram gosudarstvennoy podderzhki [The area using water-saving technologies increased by 86% due to state support measures]. (2025). Ministerstvo vodnykh resursov i irrigatsii Respubliki Kazakhstan. https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/water/press/news/details/1078970?lang=ru (In Russian)

20 Asian Development Bank. (2014). Water resources financing: From liabilities to results. https://w.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/153606/infocus-water-financingru.pdf

21 Wegerich, K. (2008). Hydro-hegemony in the Amu Darya Basin. Water Policy, 10(S2), 71–88.

22 Evropeyskiy soyuz sovmestno s partnerami ob”yavil o masshtabnykh investitsiyakh v razvitie gidroenergeticheskoy infrastruktury Tsentral’noy Azii [The European Union, together with partners, announced large-scale investments in the development of hydropower infrastructure in Central Asia]. (2025, October 11). Kun.uz. https://kun.uz/ru/24152905/ (In Russian)

23 Karaev, S. (2025, April 2). 79 % vody v Tsentral’noy Azii ukhodit na oroshenie — doklad EABR i YuNIDO [79% of water in Central Asia is used for irrigation — report by the EDB and UNIDO]. Asia-Plus. https://asiaplustj.info/ru/news/tajikistan/economic/20250402/79-vodi-v-tsentralnoi-azii-uhodit-na-oroshenie-doklad-eabr-i-yunido/ (In Russian)

24 Kitayskie investory otkroyut v Kazakhstane zavod vodnykh smart-tekhnologiy [Chinese investors to open a water smart technologies plant in Kazakhstan]. (2025, December 15). Zakon.kz. https://www.zakon.kz/tekhno/6501120-kitayskie-investory-otkroyut-v-kazakhstane-zavod-vodnykh-smarttekhnologiy.html (In Russian)

25 Kyrgyzstan predlagaet usilit kompensatsionnye mekhanizmy v vodnoy sfere Tsentral’noy Azii [Kyrgyzstan

proposes strengthening compensation mechanisms

in the water sector of Central Asia]. (n.d.). Minister-stvo vodnykh resursov, sel’skogo khozyaystva i pererabaty-vayushchey promyshlennosti Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki. https://water.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3602:kyrgyzstan-predlagaet-usilit-kompensatsionnye-mekhanizmy-v-vodnoj-sfere-tsentralnoj-azii&Itemid=1437&lang=ru (In Russian)

26 Klyuchevye vodnye sobytiya v stranakh Tsentral’noy Azii [Key water-related events in the countries of Central Asia]. (2022). Central Asia Water Information. https://www.cawater-info.net/yearbook/2022/05_yearbook2022_uz_ru.htm (In Russian)

27 Politika Uzbekistana po ispol’zovaniyu trans-granichnykh vodnykh resursov [Uzbekistan’s policy on the use of transboundary water resources]. (2023). https://clck.ru/3RBRrD/ (In Russian)

28 Tokaev, K. K. (2023, September 1). Poslanie Glavy

gosudarstva K.-Zh. Tokaevа narodu Kazakhstana «Ekono-micheskiy orientir spravedlivogo Kazakhstana» [Address of the Head of State K.-Zh. Tokayev to the people of Kazakh-

stan “Economic Course of a Just Kazakhstan”]. https://baiterek.gov.kz/ru/president-messages/poslanie -glavy-

gosudarstva-kasym-zhomarta-to-kaeva-narodu-kazakh-

stana-ekonomicheskiy-kurs-spravedlivo/ (In Russian)

29 Vodnyy kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan: Kodeks RK ot 9 iyulya 2003 g. № 481 [Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 481 of July 9, 2003]. (2003). https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/K03000048/ (In Russian)

30 Tokaev, K. K. (2025, November 16). Vopros vodnoy bezopasnosti stanovitsya vse bolee aktual’nym dlya regiona [The issue of water security is becoming increasingly important for the region]. Zakon.kz. https://www.zakon.kz/sobytiia/6497968-tokaev-vopros-vodnoy-bezopasnosti-stanovitsya-vse-bolee-aktualnym-dlya-regiona.html (In Russian)

31 Tokaev, K. K. (2024, August 8). Renessans Tsentral’noy Azii: Na puti k ustoychivomu razvitiyu i protsvetaniyu [Renaissance of Central Asia: Towards sustainable development and prosperity]. https://www.akorda.kz/ru/renessans-centralnoy-azii-na-puti-k-ustoychivomu-razvitiyu-i-procvetaniyu-1272135/ (In Russian)

32 Itogi goda: Razvitie vodnoy infrastruktury i vnedrenie tekhnologiy dlya ustoychivogo budushchego Kazakhstana [Year-end results: Development of water infrastructure and implementation of technologies for a sustainable future of Kazakhstan]. (2024, December 13). PrimeMinister.kz. https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-goda-razvitie-vodnoy-infrastruktury-i-vnedrenie-tekhnologiy-dlya-ustoychivogo-budushchego-kazakhstana-29470/ (In Russian)

33 Tsentral’naya Aziya rasshiryaet sotrudnichestvo po ustoychivomu ispol’zovaniyu obshchikh rek [Central Asia expands cooperation on the sustainable use of shared rivers]. (2025, February 21). United Nations News. https://news.un.org/ru/story/2025/02/1461571/ (In Russian)

34 Vodnyy krizis: Gotov li mir? [Water crisis: Is the world ready?]. (2025). Central Asia Water Information, 41. https://cawater-info.net/library/rus/water-crisis4.pdf (In Russian)