INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL SECURITY IN TURKIC-SPEAKING COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
DOI:
10.48010/xq5hy120Keywords
Value, Spiritual And Cultural Security, Kazakhstan, Turkic-Speaking States, Comparative Legal Analysis
Abstract
Under the conditions of modern globalization, the preservation and protection of universal and national values are important conditions for the sustainable development of states, strengthening national identity and ensuring social stability. Universal values include principles common to all humanity, such as human rights, freedom, justice, equality, peace, and tolerance. National values, on the other hand, are formed on the basis of the historical experience, language, culture, traditions, historical memory and spiritual heritage of a particular people. In this regard, ensuring spiritual and cultural security is considered an important legal mechanism for preserving national values.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the constitutional and legislative foundations of spiritual and cultural security in Turkic-speaking states from a comparative legal perspective, to identify their common features and national characteristics and to determine the legal mechanisms for protecting spiritual and cultural values. The legal experience of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan during the period of independence was taken as the object of the study. The methods of comparative law, formal-legal, historical-legal, and systemic analysis were used in the study. The Constitutions of the states and regulatory legal acts related to the protection of language, culture, historical and cultural heritage and national values were analyzed. In addition, the relationship benween national legislation with international law and the legal foundations of cultural and humanitarian cooperation were considered.
As a result of the study, it was determined that there are common directions in the constitutional and legal foundations of ensuring spiritual and cultural security in the Turkic-speaking states. At the same time, there are certain differences in the mechanisms of legal regulation due to the historical, political, social and cultural characteristics of each state.
How to Cite
References
1 Abidkhadjaev, U. (n.d.). Milliy qadriyatlar haqida [On national values]. Institute for Macroeconomic and Regional Studies. https://imrs.uz/publications/articles-and-abstracts/Milliy_qadriyatlar_haqida (In Uzbek)
2 Bourdieu, P. (2002). Formy kapitala [Forms of capital] (M. S. Dobryakova, Trans.; V. V. Radaev, Ed.). Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, 3(5), 60–74. (In Russian)
3 Kon’kov, A. E. (2020). Myagkaya sila dlya Rossii: Ot vospriyatiya k navykam latentnogo upravleniya [Soft power for Russia: From perception to latent governance skills]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Politologiya, 22(2), 205–221. (In Russian)
4 Khobsbaum, E. (2000). Izobretenie traditsiy [The invention of tradition]. Vestnik Evrazii, (1), 47–62. (In Russian)
5 Issayeva, M. (2023). Orta Asya Türk Devletleri Anayasalarında hukuk devleti anlayışı [The concept of the rule of law in the constitutions of the Central Asian Turkic states] [Doctoral dissertation]. (In Turkish)
6 Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Prezidentі Qasym-Jomart Toqaev. (2022, March 16). Qazaqstan halqyna Joldaýy [Address to the people of Kazakhstan]. https://www.akorda.kz/kz/memleket-basshysy-kasym-zhomart-tokaevtyn-kazakstan-halkyna-zholdauy-1622340 (In Kazakh)
7 Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Prezidentі Qasym-Jomart Toqaev. (2025, March 14). Ūlttyq qūryltaydyñ törtinşi otyrysynda söylegen sözi [Speech at the fourth meeting of the National Kurultai]. https://www.akorda.kz/kz/memleket-basshysy-kasym-zhomart-tokaevtyn-ulttyk-kuryltaydyn-tortinshi-otyrysynda-soylegen-sozi-14242 (In Kazakh)
8 Toqaev, Q.-Zh. (n.d.). Bіrlіk pen yntymagh – eşqaşan eskіrmeitіn qūndylyq: Memleket basşysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyñ Qazaqstan halqy Assambleyasyynyñ XXXIII sessiyasyndağy söylegen sözi [Unity and solidarity are values that never become outdated: Speech by Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev at the XXXIII session of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan]. Egemen Qazaqstan. https://egemen.kz/article/363195-qasym-zhomart-toqaev-birlik-pen-yntymaq-%E2%80%93-eshqashan-eskirmeytin-qundylyq (In Kazakh)
9 Ukaz Prezidenta Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki № 369 ot 18 dekabrya 2024 goda o Doktrine (Unguzhol) «Natsional’nyy dukh – mirovye vysoty» [Decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 369 of December 18, 2024, on the Doctrine (Unguzhol) “National Spirit – World Heights”]. (2024). https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/230019498/edition/23327/ru (In Russian)
10 Doktrina Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki «Natsional’nyy dukh – mirovye vysoty», utverzhdennaya Ukazom Prezidenta Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki № 369 ot 18 dekabrya 2024 goda [Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic “National Spirit – World Heights,” approved by Decree No. 369 of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic of December 18, 2024]. (2024). https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/18-11/edition/23328/ru (In Russian)
11 Kontseptsiya natsional’noy bezopasnosti Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki: Ukaz Prezidenta Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki № 570 ot 20 dekabrya 2021 g. [National Security Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic: Decree No. 570 of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic of December 20, 2021]. (2021). https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/430815/edition/1118046/ru (In Russian)
12 Ukaz Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan «O Strategii “Uzbekistan – 2030”» [Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy”]. (n.d.). https://www.lex.uz/ru/docs/6600404 (In Russian)
13 Mukhitdinova, F. A. (n.d.). Tsennostno-gumanisticheskoe obosnovanie prav cheloveka v obnovlennoy Konstitutsii Uzbekistana [Value-based and humanistic justification of human rights in the revised Constitution of Uzbekistan]. https://constitution.uz/ru/pages/inson_huquqlari (In Russian)
14 Prilozhenie № 1 k Ukazu Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan ot 28 yanvarya 2021 goda № UP–60 «Strategiya razvitiya novogo Uzbekistana na 2022–2026 gody» [Appendix No. 1 to Decree No. UP–60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of January 28, 2021, “Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026”]. (2021). https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pEQ_76aEjjTFnV_PD1zEulz8jWfmtMr6/view (In Russian)
15 Zakon Respubliki Uzbekistan «Ob utverzhdenii kontseptsii obespecheniya svobody sovesti grazhdan i gosudarstvennoy politiki v religioznoy sfere v Respublike Uzbekistan» [Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Approval of the Concept for Ensuring Freedom of Conscience of Citizens and State Policy in the Religious Sphere in the Republic of Uzbekistan”]. (2025). https://lex.uz/uz/docs/7404926 (In Russian)
16 Prilozhenie № 1m k Ukazu Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan № PP-27 ot 29 noyabrya 2021 g. «Kontseptsiya obshchestvennoy bezopasnosti Respubliki Uzbekistan» [Appendix No. 1m to Decree No. PP-27 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of November 29, 2021, “Concept of Public Security of the Republic of Uzbekistan”]. (2021). https://nrm.uz/contentf?doc=676813_koncepciya_obshchestvennoy_bezopasnosti_respubliki_uzbekistan_%28prilojenie_n_1_k_ukazu_prezidenta_ruz_ot_29_11_2021_g_n_up-27=1odatvza_27%29&product_stistanvse (In Russian)
17 Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mədəniyyət Konsepsiyası [Cultural Concept of the Republic of Azerbaijan]. (2014). https://e-qanun.az/framework/27056 (In Azerbaijani)
18 Milli təhlükəsizlik haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanunu [Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on National Security]. (n.d.). https://e-qanun.az/framework/5455 (In Azerbaijani)
19 Azərbaycan Respublikasının milli təhlükəsizlik konsepsiyası [National Security Concept of the Republic of Azerbaijan]. (2007). https://e-qanun.az/framework/13373 (In Azerbaijani)
20 Tarix və mədəni abidələrin qorunması haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanunu [Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments]. (n.d.). https://e-qanun.az/framework/3526 (In Azerbaijani)
21 Yaqubov, Y. (n.d.). Abidələrin qorunması xalqımızın mədəni irsə sevgisindən xəbər verir [Protection of monuments demonstrates our people’s love for cultural heritage]. Azərbaycan Xəbərləri. https://www.azerbaijan-news.az/az/posts/detail/abidelerin-qorunmasi-xalqimizin-medeni-irse-sevgisinden-xeber-verir-1713393912 (In Azerbaijani)
22 Zakon Turkmenistana ot 4 maya 2013 goda № 388-IV «O natsional’noy bezopasnosti Turkmenistana» (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami po sostoyaniyu na 16.03.2023 g.) [Law of Turkmenistan No. 388-IV of May 4, 2013, “On National Security of Turkmenistan” (as amended and supplemented as of March 16, 2023)]. (2013). https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=32126544&pos=9;-49#pos=9;-49 (In Russian)
23 Gosudarstvennoe stimulirovanie i zakonodatel’naya podderzhka – klyuchevye aspekty kontseptsii kul’turnoy politiki [State incentives and legislative support: Key aspects of the concept of cultural policy]. (n.d.). https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/index.php/ru/post/27729/gosudarstvennoe-stimulirovanie-i-zakonodatelnaya-podderzhka-%E2%80%93-klyuchevye-aspekty-kontseptsii-kulturnoi-politiki (In Russian)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Мейрамкул Исаева, Ерлан Чермухамбетов, Дина Ешпанова, Роза Абдиева