Abstract

The article analyzes the contribution to the development of the theory of dialectics of two Marxists – F. Engels and V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin). It is noted that K. Marx, who materialistically rethought the dialectics of G.V.F. Hegel, applied it only to sociocultural reality and was not interested in ontological problems. Engels first turned to the development of the theory of dialectics in 1859 in his review of the book by Marx, «On the Critique of Political Economy». He began to work more thoroughly on the development of dialectics since 1873. He decided to compensate for the absence of ontological aspects of dialectics from Marx and apply dialectics to natural science, and indirectly to nature. Lenin thoroughly studied the theory of dialectics in the fall of 1914, studying Hegel’s Science of Logic. He managed to see in this work much that the
Marxists had not noticed before him. The ideas formulated by him during this period served as a powerful incentive and help for the development of the theory of dialectics in Soviet philosophy, which, however, began only in the first half of the 1950s.