Abstract

The purpose of this article is to reveal the general panorama of the transformation of the status of women in a general historical context, based on a comparative analysis of the status of women in ancient Greece and nomadic societies. The article analyzes the views of the classics of philosophy on the nature and social status of women, reveals the historical, genetic and socio-cultural origins of the idea of gender equality. Plato’s arguments in favor of the idea of women’s equality and ways to emancipate them in the project of an ideal state are considered. The analysis of Aristotle’s views on class and gender slavery is given, the problem of marriage in the patriarchal ancient culture is revealed. The socio-cultural mechanisms of Sparta and Athens were revealed, which served as the basis for two opposing opinions on the women’s issue among two classics of antiquity: on the one hand, Plato, on the other, Aristotle.
The status of women in the ancient Turkic society is analyzed. On the basis of written materials, the observations of researchers on the status of the fairer sex in the society of nomads of the 6th–10th centuries are detailed. It was revealed that the position of women in ancient Kazakhstan, as well as in Sparta, was determined by the greater democratic nature of social orders, the less developed cults of beliefs and commodity-money relations, forms of ownership, and the requirements for a high degree of consolidation of free citizens in the face of danger from external attacks. The general historical panorama of changes in the status of a woman in Kazakh society is revealed in accordance with historical, social, political and economic transformations. In the process of research, the historical-genetic approach, the principles of comparative analysis and hermeneutic dialectics were applied.