Abstract

The article analyzes some of the features and origins of the formation of the Kazakh educational teaching. The authors, defining the features and patterns of formation of the Kazakh enlightenment of the second half of the XIX century, point to its ideological connection with the Russian and European Enlightenment.
The evolution and further development of the Kazakh enlightenment is considered in the light of the changes taking place in the social life of the steppe, and some of its characteristic features at the beginning of the XX century are noted.
Defining the range of the main social and general philosophical problems of the philosophy of enlightenment in Kazakhstan, the authors try to use the example of one of the main problems of enlightenment - the problems of social progress to determine the features of its analysis at different stages of the development of the Kazakh enlightenment. The spiritual continuity in the development of the Kazakh enlightenment is considered through the work of A. Kunanbayev and S. Toraighyrov.
Spiritual continuity in the development of the Kazakh enlightenment is considered through the works of A. Kunanbayev and S. Toraigyrov. The decisive factor that prompted Kazakh thinkers to turn their eyes to the advanced culture and social experience of the Russian people, and thus to the culture of Western Europe, was, in our opinion, the «main trend» of that time - the confrontation between the developed Russian capitalist reality and the realities of the backward local patriarchal-feudal society, as a unique object of our time.