Abstract

The role of religion in the culture of the Kazakh people is a multifaceted and significant aspect of national identity, which has been formed over the centuries in the context of the development of complex historical, social and cultural processes. In the context of globalization and strengthening of the dialogue of cultures, the study of this component becomes especially relevant, since modern Kazakhstani society strives to strengthen its cultural identity and turns to spiritual roots. The study of religious heritage allows not only to better understand history, but also current cultural realities. Early religious beliefs in the territory of modern Kazakhstan were based on animistic and totemic practices. This is evidenced by such archaeological finds as rock paintings and ritual objects. They show that the ancient inhabitants of these places revered the forces of nature as powerful spirits. Shamanism, as a form of spiritual practice, was closely associated with the belief in patron spirits. According to the beliefs of the Kazakhs, these spirits controlled natural phenomena and events in people's lives. Despite the fact that the first contacts with Islam occurred quite early, its real and deep penetration into Kazakh culture began much later. An important role in this process was played by the powerful state of the Golden Horde, which existed in the 13th-14th centuries.