Abstract

The article deals with the role of man in the philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev through the idea of humanism. The philosopher analyses the idea of humanism in the interpretation of F. Nietzsche, K. Marx. N.A.Berdyaev emphasised that in K.Marx gradually ‘humanism passes into anti-humanism’, and in Nietzsche the transition of humanism into anti-humanism is carried out in the form of the idea of superman, the denial of man, the self-value of the human image. According to Berdyaev, Marx looks at man as only a tool, a means to achieve non-human and superhuman goals and values, which he considers non-human and superhuman realm of collectivism.
N.A. Berdyaev opposes humanism humanity, if humanism calmly does without the divine beginning, having in itself this humanity. N.A. Berdyaev connects humanity with the need for constant transcendence of man. The philosopher noted that the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance was a turn from God to man and the turn from the spiritual core of Christianity to external culture. N.A.Berdyaev criticised modern anti-humanism.