Abstract

The existence of legislative, executive and judicial branches of government is the basis of the principle of separation of powers. The existence of legislative branches is accepted as a necessary condition of statehood. The structure of legislative bodies in states is based on the unicameral or bicameral type, depending on the internal structural features of each state.
In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which exercises legislative power, includes the activities of the Senate and the Majilis chambers. On September 8, 2025, in the Address to the People of Kazakhstan by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K.K. Tokayev, one of the important initiatives was the need to transition to a unicameral Parliament, which is widespread in the world. It was stated that this important reform would be implemented with the support of the people by holding a nationwide referendum in 2027. The Head of State expressed hope that the planned reform in the country will serve the country’s interests as important steps towards the creation of a «Just and Powerful Kazakhstan».
In scientific research, there are both opinions in favor of and against the bicameral system. This article, which outlines the advantages and disadvantages of unicameral and bicameral systems in political decision-making processes, provides a comparative analysis of the activities of the legislative body of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the experience of the Republic of Turkey.