Реформы языковой политики в Казахстане: обзор языковой политики в постсоветский период
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48010/0218ep29Ключевые слова:
Казахстан, языковая политика, языковые реформы, Независимость, казахский язык, русский языкАннотация
В статье рассматривается эволюция реформ языковой политики Казахстана в период с 1991 по 2025 год на основе качественного анализа законодательных актов, государственных программ, концепций языковой политики и образовательных стратегий. С использованием хронологического и тематического подходов в исследовании выявляются изменения в статусе языков, сферах их функционального использования, языковой иерархии и многоязычном образовании, а также интерпретируется их связь с процессами национального строительства, социально-политической трансформации и глобализации. Анализ показывает, что языковая политика Казахстана прошла три основных этапа: институционализацию казахского языка как государственного и восстановление его социальных функций; расширение его использования в государственном управлении, образовании, средствах массовой информации и других общественных сферах; а также формирование институционализированной модели многоязычия, включающей казахский, русский и английский языки. Основной научный результат исследования заключается в выявлении постепенного перехода языковой политики Казахстана от преимущественно статусно-ориентированного подхода, направленного на укрепление казахского языка, к функционально дифференцированной модели многоязычия. В рамках данной модели казахский язык все в большей степени выступает языком государственности и национальной идентичности, русский сохраняет значительную роль в повседневной и профессиональной коммуникации, а английский приобретает возрастающее значение в сфере образования, науки и международной коммуникации. Исследование вносит вклад в понимание языкового планирования в постсоветском пространстве, показывая, каким образом цели национального строительства в многоязычном обществе Казахстана сочетаются с сохраняющейся функциональной значимостью русского языка и возрастающей ролью английского языка.
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